How Do electrons carry thermal energy in Peltier coolers?
I've read when electrons enter from metal to semiconductor type N, they get energy in terms of thermal energy and make that side cooler and reverse happens when they leave semiconductor to the conductor.
why this happens ? How do electrons get their energy from environment ?
thermal physics peltier cooling electron
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
add a comment |
I've read when electrons enter from metal to semiconductor type N, they get energy in terms of thermal energy and make that side cooler and reverse happens when they leave semiconductor to the conductor.
why this happens ? How do electrons get their energy from environment ?
thermal physics peltier cooling electron
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
add a comment |
I've read when electrons enter from metal to semiconductor type N, they get energy in terms of thermal energy and make that side cooler and reverse happens when they leave semiconductor to the conductor.
why this happens ? How do electrons get their energy from environment ?
thermal physics peltier cooling electron
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
I've read when electrons enter from metal to semiconductor type N, they get energy in terms of thermal energy and make that side cooler and reverse happens when they leave semiconductor to the conductor.
why this happens ? How do electrons get their energy from environment ?
thermal physics peltier cooling electron
thermal physics peltier cooling electron
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
asked 4 hours ago
Pooya EstakhriPooya Estakhri
1235
1235
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
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This appears to simply be an observable effect. The best explanations are probably in mathematical equations, but the simplest phrasing I could find was that:
"The Peltier effect is caused by the fact that an electric current is
accompanied by a heat current in a homogeneous conductor even at
constant temperature. The magnitude of this heat current is given by
$Pi cdot I$"
(Pi times current), where $Pi$ is the peltier/seebeck coefficient of that material.
This coefficient can be positive or negative and as a result materials can be paired and alternated in a zig zag to produce a favorable series electrical arrangement along with a parallel thermal arrangement.
I've been unable to find anything regarding the precise mechanism (it makes sense to me that electrons would carry thermal energy in the direction they are flowing, but I'd like to know why thermal energy would flow against the actual flow of material). It could be an effect at the barrier regions of the materials as some of the other papers seem to suggest, with the electrons accepting a transfer of thermal energy in order to cross the barrier between different materials. This would appear to better account for negative coefficients. I think you should consider migrating this question to the physics stack exchange as they may be able to provide a more in depth model.
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
add a comment |
What happens is that the electrons need to gain energy to jump the energy gap at the metal-semiconductor junction.
The valence band is shown in the shaded area. In conductors the conductance band and the valence band overlap. In semiconductors there is an energy gap between the conductance and valance bands, as shown in the figure. A conducting electron must gain energy as it transitions from the conductance band in the conductor to the conductance band in the semiconductor and must lose energy vice versa. This energy is the thermal energy, hence heating or cooling. A similar argument applies for p-type semiconductors.
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
add a comment |
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
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This appears to simply be an observable effect. The best explanations are probably in mathematical equations, but the simplest phrasing I could find was that:
"The Peltier effect is caused by the fact that an electric current is
accompanied by a heat current in a homogeneous conductor even at
constant temperature. The magnitude of this heat current is given by
$Pi cdot I$"
(Pi times current), where $Pi$ is the peltier/seebeck coefficient of that material.
This coefficient can be positive or negative and as a result materials can be paired and alternated in a zig zag to produce a favorable series electrical arrangement along with a parallel thermal arrangement.
I've been unable to find anything regarding the precise mechanism (it makes sense to me that electrons would carry thermal energy in the direction they are flowing, but I'd like to know why thermal energy would flow against the actual flow of material). It could be an effect at the barrier regions of the materials as some of the other papers seem to suggest, with the electrons accepting a transfer of thermal energy in order to cross the barrier between different materials. This would appear to better account for negative coefficients. I think you should consider migrating this question to the physics stack exchange as they may be able to provide a more in depth model.
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
add a comment |
This appears to simply be an observable effect. The best explanations are probably in mathematical equations, but the simplest phrasing I could find was that:
"The Peltier effect is caused by the fact that an electric current is
accompanied by a heat current in a homogeneous conductor even at
constant temperature. The magnitude of this heat current is given by
$Pi cdot I$"
(Pi times current), where $Pi$ is the peltier/seebeck coefficient of that material.
This coefficient can be positive or negative and as a result materials can be paired and alternated in a zig zag to produce a favorable series electrical arrangement along with a parallel thermal arrangement.
I've been unable to find anything regarding the precise mechanism (it makes sense to me that electrons would carry thermal energy in the direction they are flowing, but I'd like to know why thermal energy would flow against the actual flow of material). It could be an effect at the barrier regions of the materials as some of the other papers seem to suggest, with the electrons accepting a transfer of thermal energy in order to cross the barrier between different materials. This would appear to better account for negative coefficients. I think you should consider migrating this question to the physics stack exchange as they may be able to provide a more in depth model.
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
add a comment |
This appears to simply be an observable effect. The best explanations are probably in mathematical equations, but the simplest phrasing I could find was that:
"The Peltier effect is caused by the fact that an electric current is
accompanied by a heat current in a homogeneous conductor even at
constant temperature. The magnitude of this heat current is given by
$Pi cdot I$"
(Pi times current), where $Pi$ is the peltier/seebeck coefficient of that material.
This coefficient can be positive or negative and as a result materials can be paired and alternated in a zig zag to produce a favorable series electrical arrangement along with a parallel thermal arrangement.
I've been unable to find anything regarding the precise mechanism (it makes sense to me that electrons would carry thermal energy in the direction they are flowing, but I'd like to know why thermal energy would flow against the actual flow of material). It could be an effect at the barrier regions of the materials as some of the other papers seem to suggest, with the electrons accepting a transfer of thermal energy in order to cross the barrier between different materials. This would appear to better account for negative coefficients. I think you should consider migrating this question to the physics stack exchange as they may be able to provide a more in depth model.
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
This appears to simply be an observable effect. The best explanations are probably in mathematical equations, but the simplest phrasing I could find was that:
"The Peltier effect is caused by the fact that an electric current is
accompanied by a heat current in a homogeneous conductor even at
constant temperature. The magnitude of this heat current is given by
$Pi cdot I$"
(Pi times current), where $Pi$ is the peltier/seebeck coefficient of that material.
This coefficient can be positive or negative and as a result materials can be paired and alternated in a zig zag to produce a favorable series electrical arrangement along with a parallel thermal arrangement.
I've been unable to find anything regarding the precise mechanism (it makes sense to me that electrons would carry thermal energy in the direction they are flowing, but I'd like to know why thermal energy would flow against the actual flow of material). It could be an effect at the barrier regions of the materials as some of the other papers seem to suggest, with the electrons accepting a transfer of thermal energy in order to cross the barrier between different materials. This would appear to better account for negative coefficients. I think you should consider migrating this question to the physics stack exchange as they may be able to provide a more in depth model.
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
edited 59 mins ago
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
answered 2 hours ago
K HK H
1,942113
1,942113
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
add a comment |
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
1
1
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
I fixed your markup. Look and see what changes I made. Also ALWAYS highlight quoted material and ALWAYS name the source and provide a link. Your answer is very shallow without the extra info. In the future please write a more complete answer to avoid downvotes.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
1
1
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
I stand corrected. In this case the capital Pi symbol is used. Please find the source of your quote.
– Sparky256
1 hour ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
@Sparky256 fixed. Hopefully I can find more though. Hmm actually I think the first article has it later in the same paragraph. Lol. I have to read this again a few times.
– K H
56 mins ago
add a comment |
What happens is that the electrons need to gain energy to jump the energy gap at the metal-semiconductor junction.
The valence band is shown in the shaded area. In conductors the conductance band and the valence band overlap. In semiconductors there is an energy gap between the conductance and valance bands, as shown in the figure. A conducting electron must gain energy as it transitions from the conductance band in the conductor to the conductance band in the semiconductor and must lose energy vice versa. This energy is the thermal energy, hence heating or cooling. A similar argument applies for p-type semiconductors.
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
add a comment |
What happens is that the electrons need to gain energy to jump the energy gap at the metal-semiconductor junction.
The valence band is shown in the shaded area. In conductors the conductance band and the valence band overlap. In semiconductors there is an energy gap between the conductance and valance bands, as shown in the figure. A conducting electron must gain energy as it transitions from the conductance band in the conductor to the conductance band in the semiconductor and must lose energy vice versa. This energy is the thermal energy, hence heating or cooling. A similar argument applies for p-type semiconductors.
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
add a comment |
What happens is that the electrons need to gain energy to jump the energy gap at the metal-semiconductor junction.
The valence band is shown in the shaded area. In conductors the conductance band and the valence band overlap. In semiconductors there is an energy gap between the conductance and valance bands, as shown in the figure. A conducting electron must gain energy as it transitions from the conductance band in the conductor to the conductance band in the semiconductor and must lose energy vice versa. This energy is the thermal energy, hence heating or cooling. A similar argument applies for p-type semiconductors.
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
What happens is that the electrons need to gain energy to jump the energy gap at the metal-semiconductor junction.
The valence band is shown in the shaded area. In conductors the conductance band and the valence band overlap. In semiconductors there is an energy gap between the conductance and valance bands, as shown in the figure. A conducting electron must gain energy as it transitions from the conductance band in the conductor to the conductance band in the semiconductor and must lose energy vice versa. This energy is the thermal energy, hence heating or cooling. A similar argument applies for p-type semiconductors.
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
edited 29 mins ago
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
answered 37 mins ago
user110971user110971
3,2591717
3,2591717
add a comment |
add a comment |
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