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I've seen that make is useful for large projects, especially with confusing dependencies described in a Makefile, and also helping with workflow. 
I haven't heard any advantages for using make for small projects. 
Are there any?

As opposed to what?

Suppose you have a program that you have split into two files,
which you have imaginatively named file1.c and file2.c. 
You can compile the program by running

cc file1.c file2.c -o yourprogram

But this requires recompiling both files every time,
even if only one has changed. 
You can decompose the compilation steps into

cc -c file1.c

cc -c file2.c

cc    file1.o file2.o -o yourprogram

and then, when you edit one of the files, recompile only that file
(and perform the linking step no matter what you changed). 
But what if you edit one file, and then the other,
and you forget that you edited both files,
and accidentally recompile only one?

Also, even for just two files,
you’ve got about 60 characters’ worth of commands there. 
That quickly gets tedious to type. 
OK, sure, you could put them into a script,
but then you’re back to recompiling every time. 
Or you could write a really fancy, complicated script that checks
what file(s) had been modified and does only the necessary compilations. 
Do you see where I’m going with this?

Even with small project it can be helpful keeping the dependency logic under control and builds automated. I also used it to trigger installs and deinstallations, so it was a main switch resetting the stage.

A lot of other people are getting into the details of more complex makefiles and a lot of the complexity that comes with them. I typically use makefiles for a completely different reason:

I don't want to remember anything.

Even if your project is really boring and simple, and you don't use makefiles "correctly":

all:

    gcc main.c -o project

I don't need to think about it or treat it any differently than a project that's more complex:

all:

    gcc libA.c libB.c main.c -o project2

Or if I specified flags (e.g. -O2) I don't need to remember what they were.

Also, if you start with a simple makefile, and you need to merge/refactor things later, you don't need to remember to build every project differently.

If you link your app from 2 sources (.c files) , you do not need to recompile each file, but only the changed one if you are using make.

Also, I will give you example from BSD world. They have framework of system-based Makefiles. They provide you paths to system directories and have targets to install your software and manual pages.

For example, you just wrote beer.c app and manual for it called beer.6.
You create Makefile:

PROG=   beer

MAN=    beer.6



.include <bsd.prog.mk>

..and call make install. It automatically compiles and installs your app to /usr/bin and compiles and installs your man page to the place where man can find it. You just installed your app with one simple command!

Very convenient and absolutely transparent for anyone who is familiar with BSD.
Much better than manual script.